The Sundaland forest dynamics of fragmentation and contraction and subsequent expansion, driven by glacial cycles, occur in the opposite phase as those in the northern hemisphere and equatorial Africa, indicating that Sundaland evergreen rainforest communities are … In terms of diversity, density and growth, mangroves of Andaman and Nicobar Islands are best in the country. https://rainforests.mongabay.com/facts/the-worlds-largest-rainforests.html 20% of the world’s natural forest terrain is the Amazon Jungle itself. while the mangrove cover has decreased by one square kilometre, relative to their 2017 status report. The most concentrated deforestation occurs in tropical rainforests. Out of at least 160 plant families found in Madagascar and the Indian Ocean islands, 8 are endemic. These include mangrove forests, peat swamp forests, tropical rainforests and montane forests. Sundaland is known for its significant biodiversity in the plant and animal species found in the area. Plant species include the Rafflesia, dipterocarps, and orchids. There are 2 main qualifying criteria for a region to be known as a biodiversity hotspot, one of them is the presence of at least 1500 vascular plants. How is the tropical rainforest different from other biomes? Ongoing rainforest conversion could result in the loss of up to 42% of the region’s biodiversity by 2100 (Sodhi et al., 2004). At this time, Sundaland would have had extensive rainforest composed of a Laurasian flora (Morley 2012). 2016, Drescher et al. 1999) constitute most of the presently emergent parts of the Sunda shelf (or Sundaland). The average temperature of the coldest month (January) is of 4.7 °C (40 °F), that of the warmest months (July, August) … Much of the life in the rainforest is found in the trees. Biodiversity Hotspots are regions that are rich in biodiversity but threatened by human activities. The Sundaland Heath Forests [IM0161], known in Indonesia as kerangas (or land too poor for rice growing once cleared, in the Iban language) foster the growth of specialist plants such as the carnivorous pitcher plant Nepenthes, sundews Drosera, and bladderwort Utricularia. Sundaland. Nonetheless, plant distributions are primarily dictated by temperature and precipitation (31, 42, 43), within the climatic bounds modified by edaphic conditions. By 2010, about 70% of the original lowland rainforest of Sundaland, comprising the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra and Java, were lost to deforestation (Wilcove et al., 2013). A 1/5 of all the world’s plants and birds and about 1/10 of all mammal species are found there. km. Sundaland (also called the Sundaic region) is a biogeographical region of Southeastern Asia corresponding to a larger landmass that was exposed throughout the last 2.6 million years during periods when sea levels were lower. For example, both the Tropical Andes and the Sundaland Hotspot regions have more than 15,000 endemic plant species; and over 95% of primary vegetation has also been lost in some hotspot areas.. As estimated by Conservation International, a total of 36 areas around the world meets the above two criteria and are therefore are … This article focuses specifically on the world's tropical rainforests. emergent layer. 1999) constitute most of the presently emergent parts of the Sunda shelf (or Sundaland). Sundaland Philippines atp6 matR nad1 B–C intron ITS 16S abstract ... Miocene dramatic reduction in rainforest cover.
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