The Parthian Empire was the result of the Roman destruction of the power of the Seleucids in the early 2nd century BC. The Parthian Empire ( / ˈpɑːrθiən / ), also known as the Arsacid Empire ( / ˈɑːrsəsɪd / ), was a major Iranian political and cultural power in ancient Iran from 247 BC to 224 AD. The Elamite, Persian, and Parthian empires formerly ruled over the UNESCO-designated city, which is now bordered by the contemporary city of Shush. Osroes I died during his conflict with Vologases III, the latter succeeded by Vologases IV of Parthia (r. c. 147–191 AD) who ushered in a period of peace and stability. The Iranian world is represented by strikingly abstracted coins of Parthian rulers, a relief from Hatra, some artefacts from Parthian-era . This article provides some basic information about Parthian coins, as well as some of the pros and cons of collecting them. [204], By the 1st century AD, the Parthian nobility had assumed great power and influence in the succession and deposition of Arsacid kings. Artaxata or Artashat, in Armenia on the Araxes river Persepolis, literally "the City of the Persians", was founded by Darius I the Great, the third king of the Achaemenid, or Persian, Empire (539-331 b.c.e.). The Aztec Empire capital, Tenochtitlán, was an ancient city built on a man-made island. History of Iran: Parthian Empire By: Jona Lendering The Parthian empire was the most enduring of the empires of the ancient Near East. [273] It is believed that such stories as the romantic tale Vis and Rāmin and epic cycle of the Kayanian dynasty were part of the corpus of oral literature from Parthian times, although compiled much later. Mesene - another name for the kingdom of Characene (Charax), later a province of Parthia, located on the Gulf in modern Iraq [248] In the second phase, Parthian art found inspiration in Achaemenid art, as exemplified by the investiture relief of Mithridates II at Mount Behistun. [203] There were three distinct tiers of nobility, the highest being the regional kings directly below the King of Kings, the second being those related to the King of Kings only through marriage, and the lowest order being heads of local clans and small territories. Eulaeus - river named Karun in southwestern modern Iran, running principally in ancient Kingdom of Elymais The heightened aggression can be explained in part by Rome's military reforms. While the direct gaze from subject to viewer is a theme used by artists today, Byzantine artists also incorporated it, though with ever sober countenances. Charax is a Greek translation for the generic Parthian word for . Following this, Anilai became embroiled in an armed conflict with a son-in-law of Artabanus, who eventually defeated him. Birs Nimrud (see Borsippa) The remains of the city, especially the temples where Greek and Roman architecture blend with Eastern decorative features, attest to the greatness of Parthian civilization. It contains an occupation sequence dating from around the first century AD through to the end of the 13th century AD. A jar burial cemetery at an ancient historic site in Iran's central city of Isfahan dates back to the Parthian Empire. Designated a world heritage site by UNESCO in July 2003. On entrance to a Greek temple, one passes through a portico of columns. Oratha - city of Mesene (Characene) occupied by Trajan during his A.D. 115/116 campaign (Arrian, Parthica, frs. Kush - A Parthian, Sasanian and early-Islamic tell in the Shimal area of the Emirate of Ras al-Khaimah, UAE. The Parthian Empire reached the height of its power under Mithridates II (123 - 88 B.C.) J. Oelsner, “Recht im hellenistischen Babylon,” in Legal Documents of the Hellenistic World, ed. For the first time, this book weaves together the cultural histories of the cities along the great incense and silk routes that connected southwestern Arabia, Nabataea, Judaea, Syria, and Mesopotamia. The ancient town of Qalatga Darband has been dated to the Late Hellenistic period or to the transition between the Hellenistic and Parthian periods. [142] The primary motivations for war were the advancement of the personal glory and political position of the emperor, as well as defending Roman honor against perceived slights such as Parthian interference in the affairs of Rome's client states. Brazil. [170] Although the Parthian court maintained records, the Parthians had no formal study of history; the earliest universal history of Iran, the Khwaday-Namag, was not compiled until the reign of the last Sasanian ruler Yazdegerd III (r. 632–651 AD).
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